SIGNAL FOUNDSTATION 562 / TRANSMISSION 001
N+1CONCEPT → DELIVERY
STATION 562 / THE BUILD STORY
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N+1
STATION 562
Building a hardware badge
From the first interaction to a working batch.
IMG_1662.jpg
IDEA → CIRCUIT → CODE → PEOPLE
Station 562 badge on display at the DEFCON 34 Badgelife Museum
STATION 562 / BADGELIFE
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Hardware badges
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2006
image-01.jpg
DEF CON 14 / JOE GRAND
HACK THE OBJECT
A small computer you can wear, inspect, modify, and learn from.
MAKE IT SOCIAL
Puzzles, games, trades, and conversations start around a badge.
MAKE THE PCB PART OF THE ART
The shape, copper, display, and light all contribute to the experience.
JOE GRAND’S DEF CON 14 BADGE
Its single pushbutton cycled through five modes: Both LEDs on → Both LEDs blinking → Alternating LEDs → Pseudo-random pattern → Sleep
STATION 562 / TWELVE STEPS
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The build process
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01
Idea + scope
Define the experience and its limits.
02
Architecture + power
Choose the controller and power path.
03
Bench prototype
Make the interaction work with wires.
04
Exact components
Record part numbers and packages.
05
Power + measurements
Calculate, then measure the load.
06
Schematic + footprints
Match electrical pins to physical pads.
07
PCB + mechanical fit
Route the board and check the enclosure.
08
Manufacturing files
Prepare fabrication and assembly data.
09
Small-batch testing
Find mistakes before scaling up.
10
Firmware baseline
Build features on known working code.
11
Assembly + testing
Make every unit work consistently.
12
Documentation + delivery
Give owners a usable, supported badge.
STATION 562 / DEFINE THE EXPERIENCE
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1. The idea and scope
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A strange signal. A physical mystery.
Numbers-station inspiration: an OLED, a hand gesture, and a BLE puzzle to investigate.
EARLY SCOPE
No buttons. No phone required for the basic badge experience.
01 / APPROACH
The proximity sensor notices a hand.
02 / REACT
The OLED and lights change behavior.
03 / INVESTIGATE
BLE carries another layer of the puzzle.
Set the limits: quantity • deadline • size • battery • budget
STATION 562 / PLAN BEFORE YOU BUILD
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2. Turning the idea into a build plan
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01
What must it do?
Detect someone nearby Respond with lights and screen animations Offer a BLE puzzle
02
What limits the design?
Battery life Wearable size Quantity and budget The deadline for Vegas
03
What do we prototype first?
Proximity sensing The OLED LED behavior Battery power
Prove each individually, then combine them.
STATION 562
RGB versus single-color LEDs affected power, cost, and complexity. I ended up building two versions.
STATION 562 / FIRST PROOF OF LIFE
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3. Bench prototyping
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Assembled Station 562 boards on the workbench
PROTOTYPE DEMO
BRING UP ONE SUBSYSTEM AT A TIME
01
DISPLAY
Confirm address and power.
02
SENSOR
Watch readings before thresholds.
03
LIGHT + BLE
Test output, then combine behavior.
STATION 562 / THE EXACT PART MATTERS
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4. Component selection
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PART
ROLE
VERIFY BEFORE ORDERING
CodeCell / XIAO
Controller module
Pinout • module variant • mounting
VCNL4040
Proximity input
I²C levels • pull-ups • placement
SSD1306 module
OLED output
Address • header order • dimensions
SK6812 / discrete LEDs
Light output
Driver • footprint • polarity • stock
codecell drawing.jpg
CHECK THE DRAWING
A matching name does not guarantee a matching footprint.
Record the manufacturer number, supplier code, package, and quantity.
STATION 562 / CALCULATE, THEN MEASURE
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5. Power calculations and measurements
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ACCOUNT FOR EACH LOAD
Controller + radio OLED + proximity sensor LEDs at the chosen brightness Regulator / power-path losses
Peak current affects stability. Average current affects runtime.
ILLUSTRATIVE RED LED CALCULATION
I = (V − Vf) / R
(3.3 V − 2.0 V) / 220 Ω ≈ 5.9 mA
Assumed forward voltage; not a measured Station 562 result or an RGB LED model.
MEASURE AT THE INPUT
USB and battery • normal and peak modes
RECORD THE CONDITIONS
Firmware • brightness • battery • elapsed time
TEST THE WORST CASE
Radio + display + lights together
STATION 562 / ELECTRICAL + PHYSICAL
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6. Schematic and footprints
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schematic.png
KICAD SCHEMATIC / RGB REVISION
SYMBOL
Which electrical pin connects to which net?
FOOTPRINT
Which physical pad corresponds to that pin?
CHECK BOTH
Pin numbers, orientation, pitch, polarity, and clearance.
STATION 562 / ROUTING MEETS THE ENCLOSURE
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7. PCB layout and mechanical fit
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Full PCB layoutRouting detail square crop
FULL PCB LAYOUT
ROUTING DETAIL
PLACE BEFORE ROUTING
Display, sensor, USB, battery, and mounting holes.
CHECK THE CLEARANCES
Case walls, connector access, component height, and cables.
CHECK THE BOARD
Trace width, return paths, edge clearance, and DRC.
STATION 562 / MECHANICAL DESIGN
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The case: from “engineering drawing” to print
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IMG_0409.jpgIMG_0347.jpgIMG_0984.jpg
THE ENGINEERING DRAWING
CAD → PRINTED TOWER
THE CLEAR CASE
STATION 562 / THE CIRCUIT AS A CANVAS
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PCB artwork
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62d44e90357fc0b520a7be34616d6881.jpg26e526d18987608faed91f114efdd381.jpg
FRONT ARTWORK
REVERSE / PLACEMENT
THE NUMBERS-STATION TOWER
The OLED becomes a room in the tower; LEDs suggest radio waves.
DESIGN WITH REAL PCB LAYERS
Copper, solder mask, and silkscreen produce different visual effects.
PROTECT THE FUNCTION
Keep art clear of pads, optical paths, antennas, and manufacturing limits.
STATION 562 / FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY
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8. Manufacturing files
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BARE PCB
Gerbers + drill files
Copper, solder mask, silkscreen, board outline, and holes.
Inspect the exported files in a viewer. Check outline, layers, slots, and scale.
ASSEMBLED PCB ADDS
BOM + placement file
Exact parts and quantities; position, rotation, and board side.
Review substitutions and the assembly preview before approving the order.
GERBER LAYERS + DRILLS
Copper Top / bottom Mask Top / bottom Silkscreen Top / bottom Outline Board edge + drill files
BOM / WHICH PART?
Ref
Qty
Part / value
LCSC
C1
1
100nF
C49678
R1
1
470R
C17710
U2
1
SN74LVC1T45
C7843
PLACEMENT / WHERE?
Ref
X
Y
Rot.
Side
C1
140.45
-109.12
0°
top
C10
153.41
-58.545
90°
top
C11
153.43
-76.015
90°
top
BOM + placement excerpts: LED Replacement V1
STATION 562 / MANUFACTURING REVIEW
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Reviewing the PCBA before production
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IMG_0449.jpgIMG_1278.jpg
JLCPCB / COMPONENT PLACEMENT REVIEW
THE GREEN-BOARD BATCH
STATION 562 / SUPPLY CHAIN CHANGES THE DESIGN
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Manufacturing costs and design revisions
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PART AVAILABILITY / DESIGN ITERATION
PARTS CHANGE
The original LED choice became a sourcing problem.
DESIGN CHANGES
Recheck the footprint, power, driver, and assembly process.
THE DESIGN CONSEQUENCE
RGB CodeCell work continued with SK6812-EC20 LEDs.
A separate C6 version used 8 discrete LEDs on 5 PWM channels.
QUOTE + SHIPPING + IMPORT CHARGES
Tariffs can more than double upfront cost.*
*JLCPCB’s 2025 precollection reached 175%; this is historical, not the tariff rate or measured cost increase for this build.
STATION 562 / CHECK THE HARDWARE BEFORE SCALING
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9. Testing a small batch
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IMG_0879-2.jpgIMG_0880.jpg
C6 PROTOTYPE / FRONT AND BACK
1
INSPECT UNPOWERED
Orientation, solder, shorts, and connector polarity.
2
CHECK THE RAILS
Use a controlled supply; confirm voltage and draw.
3
BRING UP THE I/O
OLED, sensor, individual lights, then BLE.
4
RUN THE INTERACTIONS
Normal behavior, recovery, and repeatability.
STATION 562 / THE MANUFACTURING PLOT TWIST
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not so Perfect Purple PCBs
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“Maybe it wasn’t my soldering.”
IMG_0905.PNG
OSH PARK / VIA-PLATING DEFECTS
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THE PURPLE BOARDS / ASSEMBLY + BENCH TESTING
STATION 562 / GROW FROM A KNOWN GOOD START
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10. Firmware and a working baseline
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01 / TARGET
Exact board and pin map
02 / BASELINE
Known working source + build
03 / CHANGE
One behavior at a time
04 / VERIFY
Compile, flash, exercise, record
ORIGINAL INTERACTION
Numbers-station display Proximity gestures BLE broadcast puzzle
LATER FIRMWARE EVOLUTION
Party timing + shared clock BLE MIDI + configuration Games + a hardware CTF
Keep the hardware target, firmware version, and test result together.
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STATION 562 / A REAL TIMING BUG
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AI-assisted engineering
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Six seconds blocked nine.
BEFORE / PARTY MODE TAKES CONTROL
6 s
9 s
Entering party mode immediately prevented the normal hold handler from reaching tamper.
AFTER / KEEP PARTY ENTRY PENDING
Release after 6 s → party Keep holding to 9 s → tamper
HISTORICAL V3 PATCH / TWO FUNCTIONS CHANGED
GIVE AI THE REAL INPUT
Exact part, schematic, target, source version, and observed behavior.
REVIEW THE CHANGE
Read the diff. Check assumptions. Keep the modification bounded.
VERIFY OUTSIDE THE CHAT
Source review, compilation, and hardware tests prove different things.
STATION 562 / MAKE EACH UNIT WEARABLE
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11. Final assembly and testing
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BATTERY + MODULE
CASED BADGES
POWERED-UP BATCH
PLAN THE ASSEMBLY ORDER
Solder access • connectors • cable routing
CHECK THE MECHANICS
OLED • sensor opening • USB • battery
TEST EVERY FINISHED UNIT
Boot • gestures • lights • BLE • recovery
STATION 562 / HARDWARE DIAGNOSTICS
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Testing the lights, one pixel at a time
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IMG_1322.jpg
LED DIAGNOSTIC
Select a pixel. Select a color. Watch the board.
Check each output before running the whole light show.
STATION 562 / A WORKING HANDOFF
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12. Documentation and delivery
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FOR THE OWNER
Charge and power it. Learn the gestures and modes. Recover from a confusing state.
FOR THE NEXT BUILDER
Identify the hardware revision. Find pinouts and matching firmware. Repeat the build and test procedure.
Document the version that actually ships.
Slide 22 QR code
github.com/subversive01/station562-badge
STATION 562 / FROM WORKBENCH TO BADGELIFE
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Packed, inspected, and on display
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PACKED FOR DELIVERY / CORGI INSPECTED
STATION 562 JOINS THE BADGE DISPLAY
STATION 562 / DEMONSTRATION
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The finished badge
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FINISHED BADGE
OLED ANIMATION
01
BLE SIGINT PUZZLE / STATION 562
Intercept rotating BLE clues and decode the puzzle; the OLED shows only clue IDs.
02
PARTY MODE / DeFUNKd
Badges discover each other over BLE; group size changes the animations. 1 Solo → 2 Battle → 3 Cypher → 4 DJ → 5+ Dance Floor
03
GAME / SIGNAL CLASH
Red vs. blue: gesture to attack, defend, capture badges, and earn REP.
04
MIDI CONTROLLER
Hand motion sends notes and expressive controls to a synth or DAW over BLE MIDI.
05
DEFUNKT562 / TAMPER EVIDENT
Armed blackout; proximity or light changes trigger the BLE alert “562_ALERT!”.
STATION 562 / WHAT I WOULD DO DIFFERENTLY
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Lessons learned: scope, time, and cost
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01 / SIMPLIFY THE DESIGN
Fewer parts and features mean fewer things to debug, assemble, and support.
02 / START EARLY
Hardware development is slow. Leave room for fabrication, shipping, testing, and revisions.
03 / SETTLE ON ONE DESIGN EARLY
Component costs forced me to change the design in the middle of the project.
04 / COUNT THE WHOLE BILL
Parts, PCBs, assembly, tools, shipping, tariffs, spares, and rework all add up.
Lesson graphic 0Lesson graphic 1Lesson graphic 2Lesson graphic 3
github.com/subversive01/station562-badge